Hello, World! System Design Newsletter

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Logs vs Metrics, Know the difference! • Logs = What happened (detailed events) • Metrics = How it’s going (aggregated trends) Logs -> Debugging, tracing Metrics -> Monitoring, alerting Use both. Know when. Scale smart.

Every millisecond matters. Google found +0.5s delay = -20% traffic. Speed is not just UX , it's business.

How AI image translator works. Anything you can suggest?

Binary Search cuts your search time from linear to logarithmic. Searching 1 billion items? Just 30 steps.

Handling customer data right isn’t just good practice — it’s compliance-critical. As a developer, understanding tokenization and encryption is key to building secure, modern systems. (8/8) Special mention @helloworldglich for amazing explaination #fintech #payment #security

Most people learn BFS & DFS. Few realize: 0-1 BFS can solve shortest path problems faster than Dijkstra in graphs with 0/1 edge weights.

"Stooge Sort" O(n^2.7095) TC😬 It exists not to be used, but to remind us: not all algorithms are smart. It’s a recursive sort that swaps like Bubble Sort with way more overhead. It sorts:  – first 2/3  – last 2/3  – then first 2/3 again Triple recursion = painfully slow.

Adding more CPUs won’t make your app infinitely fast. Why? Amdahl’s Law. "You can only speed up what can run in parallel." That 10% of sequential code drags everything down. 100 cores can’t fix a single-threaded bottleneck. Real-life: Fast frontend, but slow DB call = slow app.

“Don’t prematurely optimize.” But do remember: Latency is a feature. Nobody waits for a slow system twice. - Hello, World!

Have you ever felt this in your company. Conway’s Law: "Organizations design systems that mirror their communication structure." If your team is a mess, your architecture might be too.

First rule of system design: If it works for Google, it might still not work for your side project. Design for your scale.

What is Gall's Law? > The most powerful system design strategy: Get v1 running. >Add complexity only when you understand the problem. Nature does this. The internet did this. You should too. That’s Gall’s Law.

This is how an AI Receptionist handles call 24X7. Can you suggest anything better?

"A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked." - Gall's Law

Tech is crazy: > Cursor is a wrapper over VS Code > VS Code is a wrapper over Electron > Electron is a wrapper over Chromium > Chromium is a wrapper over C++ > C++ is a wrapper over Assembly > Assembly is a wrapper over 1s and 0s